

INDIANA SUPPLEMENT 


WAYLAND’S HISTORY STORIES FOR 
PRIMARY GRADES 


BY 


C. V. HAWORTH 

II 

SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS 
KOKOMO 


l^tta gork 

THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 
1922 

jill rights reserved 


PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 



Copyright, 1922, 

By the MACMILLAN COMPANY. 


Set up and clectrotyped. Published July, 1922. 



JUL 12 72 

©CI.Afi74883 




\ 


PREFACE 


In preparing this supplement care has been taken to 
avoid an academic presentation of history. The pur- 
pose has been to interest the children in the history of 
their own state by making each story appeal to them 
through the natural interests of the normal child. 

The number of stories that might have been used is 
almost unlimited. Practically every neighborhood has 
one or more good stories associated with its local his- 
tory. In most cases the teacher and pupils will find 
much pleasure in writing up this local material. As 
these manuscripts accumulate they may be typewritten 
and made into book form. If this is done, the school 
will then possess a most interesting and valuable book, 
made by the pupils themselves. 

It is also strongly urged that a map of Indiana be 
used in connection with these stories. 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 

Moving to Indiana i 

The House That Tom Built 5 

A White Indian 7 

A Pioneer Cabin 10 

An Adventure with the Indians 13 

Two Kings Fight for Indiana 16 

A New Sister with Eighteen Older Sisters . . 20 

The Very Oldest Buildings in Indiana ... 23 

A-Bear-with-His-Tail-Cut-Short 25 

A Thousand Jewels 27 

Lost in a Cave 29 

Men and Trees 32 

Chief Ko-Kah-Mah - 34 

‘‘No Lickin’, No Larnin’ ” 38 

General Lafayette Visits Indiana .... 40 

A Good Place for a Picnic 42 

Turkey Run .44 

Johnny Appleseed 46 

A Little Boy and a Long Journey .... 49 

A Brave Indian 32 

The Underground Railroad . . , . . -55 

The Unwritten Story 38 


HISTORY STORIES FOR 
PRIMARY GRADES 

MOVING TO INDIANA 

Many years ago a little girl by the name of Mary 
lived in the mountains of eastern Tennessee. She had 
one older sister whose name was Jane. Mary had 
blue eyes and dark brown hair. She was strong and 
she loved to play out-of-doors. 



2 


HISTORY STORIES 


Her parents had heard of the wonderful country in 
the Northwest and decided to move there. Mary’s 
father and an uncle made a visit to the new country 
and found a good location for a home in the territory 
called Indiana. These two men returned to Tennessee 
and sold their land and started with their families for 
their future homes. 

How do you suppose they traveled ? Do you think 
it would be fun to move several hundred miles in a 
covered wagon ? Well, that is the way Mary, Jane, 
and their parents came to Indiana. They placed all 
their household goods in a wagon, drawn by two horses, 
and started across the mountains and through the 
forests to their new home. The roads were not much 
more than Indian trails. Streams had to be forded, 
and many times the underbrush had to be cleared away 
before the wagons could go on. 

They traveled during the day, and at night they 
camped near some stream. Their meals were cooked 
over a camp fire which was built at the side of the road. 
At night they slept in the wagon. Often during the 
night they were startled by the hooting of an owl or 
by the shriek of some wild animal lurking near the 
camp. They never knew just when they might be 
attacked by the Indians, so one of the men in the com- 
pany always kept guard at night. 

One evening when all were seated around the camp 
fire there was a crackling of brush near by. The two 
men grabbed their guns and waited to see what would 


MOVING TO INDIANA 


3 


happen. Presently a mother bear and her two cubs 
came out into the open. They had no doubt been 
attracted to the camp by the smell of the evening meal. 
Of course the girls were frightened. Mary’s father 
killed the mother bear and her uncle captured the two 
cubs and brought them into camp. At first they were 
very much afraid, but they soon made friends with 
the children and would eat out of their hands. The 
girls liked the bears so well that they took them to 
their new home and kept them for a long time. One 
night some old bears came near their home and the 
two cubs went away with them and were never seen 
again. 

After being on the road for more than a month the 
family finally arrived at the place Mary’s father had 
selected for their new home. It was located on a high 
piece of ground, with a small stream flowing near by. 
A spring of clear, cool water flowed from the side of the 
hill. A cabin was soon built and the father began to 
clear the ground. At first Mary and Jane were very 
lonesome, but many new settlers moved into the neigh- 
borhood and among them were a number of children of 
their own age. 

The Indians at first were very friendly and traded 
with the white settlers. But their friendship did not 
last long. The settlers lived in constant fear of Indian 
attacks and all of them, even the children, were taught 
to give the alarm if they saw an Indian near the settle- 
ment. 


4 


HISTORY STORIES 


One day when Mary was playing in the woods, she 
saw an Indian skulking from tree to tree. She knew 
what that meant, but she must not let the Indian know 
that she saw him. She continued to play for a few 
minutes and then ran to tell her father what she had 
seen. Her father immediately fastened the doors and 
windows of his home and made ready for battle. Mary 
knew that the neighbors were in danger, so she crept 
through the fields and warned them that the Indians 
were coming. 

When the Indians came to make their attack, they 
found the settlers ready for them. So after firing a few 
shots they went away without doing very much 
damage. 

The people of the community were very proud of 
Mary. 


THE HOUSE THAT TOM BUILT 

No doubt you already know the story of ‘‘ The House 
That Jack Built.” Nobody ever saw the house that 
Jack built; it was just a ‘‘story” house. But the 
house that Tom built was a real house. He built it 
in Spencer County, Indiana. Tom and his wife Nancy 
and their eight-year-old son moved to Spencer County 
from Kentucky. Abe, the son, was born in Kentucky. 
They arrived the very year Indiana became a state, 
i8i6. 


But what a strange house Tom built ! It had no 
windows, nor doors, nor floor, and only three sides. 
One side was open to the wind, rain, and snow. Just 



6 


HISTORY STORIES 


think of living two years in a house like that. I am 
sorry to tell you that during this time Abe’s poor mother 
died and was buried in a forest clearing. I am sure 
that if Abe had been a few years older, his mother 
would have had a better house to live in. 

The next year Abe had a stepmother, who, I am glad 
to say, treated him very kindly. About this time Tom 
with the help of Abe, who was then ten years old, fin- 
ished the house. Five years later the family left Indi- 
ana and moved farther west into Illinois. But down in 
Spencer County there now stands a fine granite monu- 
ment over the grave of Nancy Lincoln, the mother of 
Abraham Lincoln. This grave is surely one of the 
sacred spots in our state. 

After Nancy Lincoln’s son became President, he often 
said that all that he was, he owed to his dear mother. 
In a rude cabin she taught him to be honest and to love 
justice. And because Abraham Lincoln loved his 
fellow man, the people placed him in the President’s 
chair in Washington. So, from the poor log cabin that 
Tom built, Abraham finally moved into the most fa- 
mous house in the land. The White House. 


A WHITE INDIAN 


It was in the summer time. The weather was warm 
and the settlers were at work. The men were clearing 
the land and building their homes. The women were 
busy with their housework and the children were play- 
ing in the dooryard. In the forest near by were the 
Indians. They disliked the white people because they 
were clearing away the forests, which were their hunting 
grounds. They finally decided either to kill the white 
people or to drive them away from their new homes. 

So one day without any warning they attacked the 
white settlement. Many of the men were killed. The 
women fled from their homes, taking their children 
with them. One little girl, five years old, ran back to 
her home unnoticed and tried to hide under the stair- 
way. Her name was Frances Slocum. She was so 
frightened that she did not know what to do, so she 
kept very quiet. The Indians, seeing her little feet 
under the stairway, pulled her out and carried her away 
with them. 

A band of men started out to find Frances and bring 
her back to her parents. They searched for a long time 
but she could not be found. Her mother thought 
surely the Indians would sometime send Frances home. 
She watched and waited, but Frances did not return. 
At last, broken-hearted, the mother died. 

7 


8 


HISTORY STORIES 


The Indians liked the little white girl and treated 
her very kindly. Her only playmates were the Indian 
children and she soon learned to speak their language 
and forgot her own. She even forgot her own first 
name. 



When she grew to be a woman, she was married to 
an Indian chief and they lived near an Indiana town 
called Peru. She was called the White Rose. Her 
Indian name was Ma-Con-a-Quah. She was very 
happy now with her family of three children. She liked 
the Indians and she helped them in every way she could. 
She never told the story of her capture until she was 


A WHITE INDIAN 


9 


very sick and thought she was going to die. A white 
trader who lived near her home was called to her bed- 
side ; to him she told her story. She could not re- 
member very much about her people, except that her 
family name was Slocum. The trader was interested 
in her story. He sent word to all parts of the country 
trying to find some of her relatives. Her father and 
mother had been dead many years and her two brothers 
and one sister believed her to be dead. But when they 
heard about this woman, they said, “It surely is our 
sister and she is alive. We will find her and bring her 
back home.’’ They traveled a long distance and finally 
reached the little Indian village where Frances lived. 

At first they could scarcely believe she was their 
sister, she had changed so much. She was old and could 
not understand what they said. But when they called 
her Frances she remembered and knew who they were. 
Her older brother knew she was his sister because the 
nail on her left first finger was gone. It had been 
mashed off when she was a child at home. They were 
very happy to find the lost sister. And, since she had 
recovered from her sickness, they wanted to take 
her back home with them. But she would not go. 
She had lived with the Indians too long to be satisfied 
to live with anyone else. 

Her brothers and sister returned to their homes in 
the East and Frances continued to live with the Indians 
until her death. 


A PIONEER CABIN 


Have you ever seen a real “for sure’’ log cabin?' 
How would you like to live in one ? All the pioneers 
who first came to this country had to live in them. 
Many of our great men were born in cabins. Even 
the great man, Abraham Lincoln, lived in a cabin for 
many years. Let us see how a log cabin is made. 

When the pioneers came to this country, an ax was 
often the only tool they had. After a place for the 
home had been selected, the men would cut away the 
trees. Logs of the right length were hewn and placed 
one above another. The roof was made of rough 
boards split from the logs. Chunks of wood were 
placed between the logs, leaving cracks, which were 
plastered with mud. Usually the door and window 
were cut on one side. Skins were hung over these 
openings to keep out the rain and snow. At one end 
of the cabin was a great fireplace, made of rock and 
plastered with mud to protect the cabin from fire.. 
Many of the cabins had no floors except the earth. 

Beds were made in one corner of the room. A forked 
stake was driven into the ground and a pole was laid 
across it to a crack in the wall. Poles were then laid 
in the other direction and fastened in the end walk 
Over these poles were placed branches and leaves.. 


10 


A PIONEER CABIN 


I i 

Skins were used for coverings. In the winter, when 
the wind blew, snow would drift across the beds. 

Some of the cabins were very comfortable. A roar- 
ing fire in the fireplace would give heat and light to the 
entire room. 


Tables were made in the same way as the beds, ex- 



An Indiana Pioneer Cabin 


cept that the tops were made of thick boards made 
with an ax. A log was used for a seat, unless the people 
were fortunate enough to have an auger ; then three- 
legged stools were made. 

Some of the first cabins that were built had but 
three sides ; one side, usually on the south, was left open. 
Here fires were built and the occupants in the winter 




12 


HISTORY STORIES 


lay with their feet to the fire to keep warm. It was not 
long before these cabins were replaced with better 
ones, with wooden floors and with two or more rooms. 
Wooden doors took the place of skins, and window 
glass shipped from the east gave the rooms more light. 

On winter evenings the children of the pioneers sat 
around the fireplace listening to their elders tell stories. 
At other times they roasted nuts in the coals on the 
hearth. These children had many hardships to endure, 
yet they were happy and had a good time. 


AN ADVENTURE WITH THE INDIANS 


John Johnson was a great hunter. He was one of 
Indiana’s first settlers and spent most of his time in 
the forest. He was handy with the rifle and very sel- 
dom missed a shot. Whenever his family needed meat, 
he would go out into the woods and before many hours 
he would return with enough bear and deer meat to do 
for several weeks. All his neighbors knew of his skill 
as a hunter. They always wanted John to go with 
them on their hunting trips. 

John disliked to do any kind of farm work and he 
was always glad of an opportunity to get away with his 
rifle. He so neglected his farm work that his crops 
were always the poorest in the neighborhood. His 
wife was always scolding him because he was so lazy. 
But her scolding had little or no effect on him, for he 
continued to hunt whenever it suited his fancy. 

One morning in the autumn, John got up very early 
and told his wife that he was going to look for a panther 
which had been killing some stock in the neighborhood. 
He promised to be gone only a short time. But when 
he got into the woods, he forgot all about his promise 
and was far away from home when night came on. That 
night he slept on the ground. The next morning he 
plunged farther into the forest expecting to overtake 
the panther. He had not gone far when he discovered 


14 


HISTORY STORIES 


that he was being trailed by Indians. He knew that 
he was no match for a half dozen well armed savages, 
and that he must outwit them and get back to the 
settlement as soon as possible. He started back home 
and traveled just as fast as he could go. He had not 
gone far when he knew that the Indians were close be- 
hind him. He soon saw two following his tracks. He 
was growing tired, and something had to be done or he 
would soon be taken captive or killed. At last he hid 
behind a tree and waited for the Indians to come in sight. 
He had his gun ready for instant action. A rifle re- 
port rang out and John felt a sharp sting on the side of 
his head, and his cap fell off. An Indian ran forward 
thinking he had killed the enemy. But John was only 
stunned. He raised his gun and fired, killing the In- 
dian. At that he jumped up and ran as fast as he 
could, hotly pursued by the other Indian, who was some 
distance behind. John ran to a large fallen tree, 
jumped upon the trunk, ran along it for some distance, 
and then slid off and crawled under the tree among 
some broken branches and leaves. It was a good hid- 
ing place, so he decided to lie there until there was a 
good chance to escape. He lay very quiet for a long 
time. He heard the Indian as he climbed over the tree 
and jumped down on the ground a few feet from where 
he was hidden. After a long time, when everything 
was quiet, he came out from his hiding place. He saw 
nothing more of the Indians and reached home the next 
day thoroughly worn out with his adventure. 


AN ADVENTURE WITH THE INDIANS 15 


At least one good thing resulted from John’s ex- 
perience with the Indians. He did not hunt so much, 
but paid better attention to his crops. He also had a 
good story to tell all the rest of his life. 


TWO KINGS FIGHT FOR INDIANA 


Not very many people living in Indiana ever saw a 
real king. But that is something for kings to worry 
about, and not the people of Indiana. I am sure that 
we are glad that we have no kings in our state. The 
kings who a long time ago fought for Indiana did not 
live in this country. They lived across the Atlantic 
Ocean. One lived in England, the other in France. 
They had learned from explorers and hunters that 
Indiana was a country worth fighting for. However, 
it was more valuable than either of these kings supposed. 

The French king had already built a few forts on 
Indiana soil. The most important one was at Vin- 
cennes. After a long war, the French king was de- 
feated, and the English gained possession of the French 
forts in Indiana. The result was that Vincennes came 
under English rule. 

It is well for us who live , in Indiana that the story 
does not end here. If it did, the people living in In- 
diana would still be ruled by a king living in England. 
While General George Washington was fighting for Amer- 
ican independence in the East, something happened 
right here in the place that is now called Indiana. Gen- 
eral Washington did not like to have the English in 
the fort at Vincennes. So his own home state sent 
some American soldiers to take the fort away from 

i6 


TWO KINGS FIGHT FOR INDIANA 


17 


the English king. To capture the fort was not an easy 
task, for the English king had hired several hundred 
Indians to help his soldiers. 

The American soldiers were led by a very brave man. 
His name is easy to remember, and everybody in In- 
diana should remember it. His name was George 
Rogers Clark. He had a brother named William, who 
was a famous explorer. If you ever visit Indianapolis, 
you probably will walk right by a fine statue of George 
Rogers Clark. Clark County is also named for him. 

The soldiers under General Clark were just as brave 
as those in the East under General Washington. It 
was January when General Clark and his men marched 
against the fort at Vincennes. Many miles of low 
ground, covered with water, surrounded the fort. As 
they marched through the swamps and waded the 
streams filled with broken ice, they were often in the 
water up to their shoulders. 

There is a story that helps to explain why General 
Clark was so successful. It is the story of the 
‘‘Drummer Boy of Vincennes.” It is said that when 
General Clark’s soldiers were tired, hungry, and dis- 
couraged, and were about to give up the struggle, this 
little drummer boy saved the day. He was too small 
to wade the high water, so a big strong soldier, in 
order to keep the boy and drum out of the water, placed 
them upon his broad shoulders and started forward. 
The stirring music of the drum gave the soldiers new 
strength and courage. 


i8 


HISTORY STORIES 



TWO KINGS FIGHT FOR INDIANA 


19 


The English soldiers tried very hard to hold the fort, 
but in a few days they had to surrender. General 
Clark and his men, led by the drummer boy, marched 
into the fort and raised the American flag amid the 
cheers of the American settlers, who had been loyal to 
the American cause. 

The English soldiers were removed from Vincennes, 
and never again was it threatened by them nor by the 
soldiers of any other king. 


A NEW SISTER WITH EIGHTEEN 
OLDER SISTERS 

The state of Indiana was born in i8i6 at Corydon. 
In that year some men who lived in what is Indiana 
met at Corydon under a fine elm tree. There they made 
a few laws which all the people promised to obey. 
These laws were so just and fair that Indiana soon be- 
came a state along with eighteen older states. These 
laws were called the Constitution. The elm tree under 
which they were made is now called the Constitutional 
Elm. 

!>: While these men were making Indiana’s first laws, 
other men near by were building the first state house. 
In fact, the man who was chairman was also looking 
after the workmen on the building. While acting as 
chairman, he was often called away by the workmen 
to decide some question which they did not under- 
stand. 

The old state house is still in use by the people 
of Harrison County. The county superintendent of 
schools has his office in the second story. 

The state capital was moved from Corydon to In- 
dianapolis eight years later, in 1824. The records 
and what little money there was on hand were hauled 
overland by oxen. It took nearly three weeks to make 
the journey. 


20 


A NEW SISTER 


21 


The boys and girls of Corydon are very proud of 
their famous tree, and always take great pleasure in 
showing it to strangers who happen to visit their inter- 
esting little city. During the years it has seen many 
changes take place, and no doubt, if it could talk, it 
could tell some interesting stories. This elm sheltered 
the Indians while they built their wigwams on the banks 
of Big Indian Creek, which flows near by. Other 
trees have been cut down and the land cleared, but the 
Constitutional Elm was left standing. 

This tree was tall and stalwart when the War of 1812 
was fought. It was sturdy and vigorous during the 
Mexican War. It saw the marshaling of troops and 
heard the roll of drums as the boys in blue marched away 
during the Civil War. It saw the boys when they 
went to Cuba. And it was still strong and vigorous 
when Indiana’s sons took their places in the World 
War. 

This old elm has seen Indiana grow from a vast 
wilderness into a rich state. The pioneer cabins it 
first looked upon have long since been replaced with 
splendid homes. It was here long before the first rail- 
road was built and now it is startled by the noise of a 
passing train. It has seen the coming of the auto- 
mobile, the flying machine, and a thousand other use- 
ful and important inventions. 

Such is the story of this fine old elm which stands 
bowing its branches to the winter winds and sending 
forth its leaves in the spring as it has been doing for 


22 


HISTORY STORIES 


more than a hundred years. During this time Indiana 
and her eighteen older sister states have been joined 
by twenty-nine younger sisters, giving Uncle Sam a 
happy family of forty-eight states in all. 


THE VERY OLDEST BUILDINGS IN 
INDIANA 


The buildings that I am going to tell you about were 
not made of brick, stone, or wood. Long before anyone 
now living can remember, there lived in this country a 
people who were called Mound Builders. Even the 
Indians did not know anything about these people. 
The little that is known about them has been discovered 
by examining the relics found in large mounds which 
they made. 

These mounds were built of earth and were fashioned 
into many shapes. Some were cone-shaped. Others 
were circular. One of the largest ones was made to rep- 
resent a serpent. This one is located in the state of 
Ohio. 

It is thought by those who have made a study of 
Indian mounds that they were made for different pur- 
poses. Some may have been used as places of worship. 
Human bones have been found in some mounds, so it 
is thought that these were used for burial places. Other 
mounds may have been used as forts to protect the 
Mound Builders against attacks from their enemies. 

Near Anderson there is a group of these mounds. 
They were built a long time ago, for now great forest 
trees are growing upon them. These mounds are 
built in the shape of a large ring with an opening to 


23 


H 


HISTORY STORIES 


the center. The Mound Builders could walk through 
the opening from the outer ring to the center, where 
perhaps they met for worship. One of the mounds was 
not completed. It seems likely that the worshipers 
left suddenly without finishing their task. Perhaps 
they were driven away by some unfriendly tribe or 
they moved on to a more favorable place. 

Those who built these mounds have long since passed 
away. All that is left to tell the story of a people that 
lived in this country are these buildings of earth and 
a few relics. Some day you may be able to visit one 
of these mounds and find out more about them for 
yourself. 


A-BEAR-WITH-HIS-TAIL-CUT-SHORT 


Did you ever go out camping ? If you did, were 
there any bears, wolves, or Indians where you camped ? 
The first white man to visit Allen County was a camper. 
He camped out all the while, except when he lived with 
the Indians in their wigwams. 

More than a hundred years ago this white man came 
with two friendly Indians in a canoe up the Maumee 
River from Lake Erie. They came up this river as 
far as they could. Here they found a small Indian 
village called Ke-ki-on-ga. All Indian names mean 
something. Ke-ki-on-ga means a-bear-with-his-tail- 
cut-short. 

- After a while more white men came, who drove 
nearly all the Indians away. One of the leaders of 
these white men was a general named Anthony Wayne. 
He was sometimes called "‘Mad Anthony,’’ because 
he was such a daring soldier. 

While George Washington was President, the sol- 
diers under General Wayne built a fort near the In- 
dian village. They called it Fort Wayne, in honor of 
their leader. Fort Wayne is now one of the three largest 
cities in Indiana. 

If you ever visit Fort Wayne, you should be sure to 
«ee Old Fort Place, a short street where you will find 
many interesting “markers,” which tell the visitor 
25 


26 


HISTORY STORIES 


about the early history of the city. But first of all, you 
should write a little story about your own city or 
county. 

There are many Indian names in our state. Often 
we find lakes and rivers with Indian names. Some 
people regret that we do not have more Indian names 
than we do. But I doubt if the boys and girls of Fort 
Wayne would care to change the name of their city to 
Ke-ki-on-ga. 

To the Teacher : — Call the children’s attention to the portage, 
or carrying place, from the Maumee to the headwaters of the 
Wabash. 


A THOUSAND JEWELS 


Sometimes we may be too close to an object to see 
its beauty. A mountain is more beautiful at a distance 
of a few miles than close by. 

In the northern part of Indiana are over a thousand 
small lakes. People who go up in airplanes say that 
these lakes, as they lie sparkling in the sunlight amid 
the forests and green fields, look like jewels. These 
jewels belong to all the people of Indiana. 

Would you like to know how these lakes were made 
Well, since they have been so much a part of the life 
of the people living near them, I will tell you what 
certain wise men, called scientists, say about them. 

These wise men tell us that many, many years ago, 
long before even the Indians or Mound Builders were 
here, a strange thing happened. We are told that at 
that time a great ice sheet pushed its way across part 
of Indiana. It came from the north and reached a few 
miles south of Indianapolis. They say it was several 
hundred miles wide and more than a mile thick. It 
was so heavy that when it moved slowly over the solid 
rock, it ground off pieces of the rock and carried them 
along in its course. The finest parts of the rock are 
the clay soil. In some places the coarser parts were 
left as great banks of gravel, which is now used in 
making roads. It also formed great beds of sand. 

27 


28 


HISTORY STORIES 


When the ice sheet melted, it left the ground very 
uneven. In the low places lakes were soon formed. 
None of these lakes is very large or very deep. Many 
cottages have been built around them and during the 
summer months people who wish to spend their vaca- 
tions near the water live in them. On some of the lakes 
are small launches, which are built to carry passengers 
on pleasure trips. Sometimes, when the weather is 
very cold, the lakes freeze over and then the young 
people have fine sport skating. 

All the lakes are named. It is interesting to note 
that many have been given Indian names. Some of 
the most important lakes are Maxinkuckee, Manitou, 
Winona, and Wawasee. One is called Hogback. One 
of the largest, and certainly one of the most beautiful, 
is Lake James, near Angola. 

You will be glad to know that wise drainage laws 
protect these beautiful lakes from being lowered. The 
people do not want these jewels, given to them by a 
wise Creator, taken from them. 


LOST IN A CAVE 


Among the hills of southern Indiana are many in- 
teresting caves. One of these caves, near Bloomington, 
is called Truits Cave. This is not a large cave, but 
many interesting stories have been told about it. Some 
people said that bears had used it for a home. One 
old man declared that it was a snakes’ den. Many 
believed that money had been hidden there, and that 
sometime it would be found. But the story which 
excited the boys most was that it had been the hiding 
place for a band of robbers. 

One day, four boys who had heard these stories de- 
cided to find out for themselves what really was in this 
cave. So the next day the boys met by agreement, 
and were soon on their way to explore the cave. It 
was in the early spring. The sky was clear and the 
weather warm. It was just the time of year when boys 
like to roam about. After walking about four miles 
across the fields they came to the opening of the cave. 

The boys had expected to find a big door leading into 
the cave, but instead there was only a small opening, 
just large enough to let one person enter at a time. 
Once inside, the boys lighted some of the candles with 
which they had provided themselves, and began their 
exploration. Everything was new and strange. They 
had never seen anything like it before. In some places 
29 


30 


HISTORY STORIES 


the passageway was very small. In other places there 
were great rooms with roof, walls, and floor of solid 
rock. In one room a stream of water was flowing. 
In another, hundreds of bats were found. These queer 
little animals were much disturbed by the light and flew 
wildly about. 

Strange rock formations were found everywhere. To 
these the boys gave fanciful names. One they called 
The Castle ; another. The Palace. There was one 
group of these figures that they called The Hall of 
Fame. At one place they carved their names on the wall 
in bold letters. They went about from room to room, 
hoping that they might find the hidden gold. But in 
this they were disappointed. 

At last they decided to go home. Their candles 
were almost gone. They wandered about for some time 
trying to retrace their steps. They had failed to mark 
their way as they came in, and now they did not know 
which way to turn. They soon realized that they were 
lost, and became very much frightened. All but one 
of the candles were gone. Something had to be done at 
once or they would be left in darkness. So they joined 
hands, the largest boy in front, holding the candle 
above his head to light the way. After following the wall 
for some distance they came to an opening which they 
remembered having seen soon after they entered the 
cave. Here their last candle burned out. By this 
time they were thoroughly frightened. Just then a 
rush of fresh air, evidently from the outside, blew in 


LOST IN A CAVE 


31 



Lost in Truits Cave 


their faces. Still, hand in hand, they went on in the 
darkness as rapidly as they could. In a little while 
the boy who was leading the way felt a turn in the wall. 
As soon as they had passed that turn, much to their re- 
lief, they could see the light of the entrance to the cave. 
In a few minutes more the boys were out in the open 
air. 

They had been in the cave a long time and it was 
growing late. They hurried away and reached their 
homes just as the sun was going down. They were 
hungry and tired out, but had had a very thrilling 
experience to tell their friends. 


MEN AND TREES 


The oldest living thing on earth as far as we know 
is a tree. Some of the giant trees of California were 
large trees when the Three Wise Men came to visit Beth- 
lehem. Of course, you know how long ago that was. 

The largest tree in Indiana is a sycamore tree near 
Worthington in Greene County. This tree is more 
than forty-two feet around. 

You already know about the Constitutional Elm at 
Corydon. Another fine old elm is standing exactly 
in the middle of one of the streets of Auburn. It is 
so large that its branches extend over the two houses 
standing on opposite sides of the street. 

Many years ago some gypsies camped under the 
Auburn Elm. They carelessly built a fire so close to 
its base that a bad scar was made on one side of the 
fine old tree. Because the people of Auburn love their 
old elm, they are helping the tree to heal the scar. 

Trees give us welcome shade in summer and furnish 
material for our houses in winter. They also make 
homes for birds, which are among our greatest friends. 
Perhaps you can think of other uses of trees. 

Many years ago a poor young man came to Auburn. 
He made very useful things from trees. He made 
buggies. Afterwards he made automobiles. He built 
the first buggies in a room of the house in which he 


32 


MEN AND TREES 


33 


lived. He put honest work and good materials into 
his buggies, so he soon began to prosper. Later he 
built a large factory and employed many men. He was 
growing like a tree, strong and sound, and doing good 
to others. While he was living he gave a beautiful 
library and a fine Y. M. C. A. building to his city. His 
memory is still as green and beautiful as the old elm. 

Note. — Charles Eckhart was one of the pioneer manufacturers 
of Indiana. During the last twenty or more years of his life he 
devoted much of his time and money to helping his fellow men. 


CHIEF KO-KAH-MAH 


Many years ago there lived an Indian whose name 
was Ko-Kah-Mah. His home was a wigwam built 
on a hill. The hill was so steep on one side that it was 
very hard to climb. On the other side it sloped gradu- 
ally off to the level ground. A beautiful stream flowed 
near the foot of the hill. The name of this stream was 
Wildcat. 

Ko-Kah-Mah played in the forests near his father’s 
wigwam. He also enjoyed paddling up and down the 
stream in his bark canoe, which his father had made for 
him. 

There were many wild animals in the forest and Ko- 
Kah-Mah soon learned how to hunt them with his bow 
and arrow. It was not long before he became a very 
good shot. He often brought home a wild turkey for 
his mother to cook. Ko-Kah-Mah wore moccasins so 
that he could walk through the forest without making 
very much noise. It was hard to get close to a deer 
for at the least noise the deer would run away. One 
day Ko-Kah-Mah succeeded in creeping up close to 
one while it was drinking from the stream. He killed 
the deer and that night he had venison for supper. 

This Indian boy grew to be very big and strong. 
At one time he came upon two bears and killed both of 
them. Because he was so strong and brave his people 

3 + 


CHIEF KO-KAH-MAH 


35 



36 


HISTORY STORIES 


thought he should be made chief. This displeased 
Peter Cornstalk, another member of his tribe, who 
thought he himself should be made chief. He was older 
than Ko-Kah-Mah and had been a brave warrior. The 
other Indians did not want him to be their chief 
because he was so cruel. This made Peter Cornstalk 
very angry, so he decided to kill Ko-Kah-Mah or drive 
him away from his home. 

Peter Cornstalk waited until he found Ko-Kah-Mah 
all alone and then he tried to strike him with his hatchet, 
but Ko-Kah-Mah was too quick for him. He knocked 
Peter down, took away his hatchet, and sent him howl- 
ing with pain into the forest. From that time on 
Ko-Kah-Mah was called chief. 

The first white settlers who knew Ko-Kah-Mah 
could not pronounce his name, so they called him 
Kokomo. Chief Kokomo lived to be old and when he 
died he was buried on the hill where he had lived so 
long. 

The pioneers liked the name Kokomo so well that 
they gave it to the little town which was built on the 
same ground where Chief Kokomo’s wigwam stood. 
This town has grown to be a prosperous city. It was 
here, many years afterward, that the first automobile 
in America was built. 

What do you think Chief Kokomo would do if he 
could come back for one day and see how everything 
has been changed ? The trees have been cut away, the 
wild animals are all gone, and homes and factories now 


CHIEF KO-KAH-MAH 


37 


stand where he used to hunt. Don’t you think he would 
be startled at the shriek of whistles, surprised at dashing 
automobiles, and frightened at the whirring airplanes 
No doubt he would prefer to return to his happy hunt- 
ing ground. 


‘‘NO LICKIN’, NO LARNIN’” 


The title to this story is a very poor motto, as you 
will agree. But that is just what Pete Jones said when 
Ralph Hartsook was hired to teach the district school. 
But we must remember that Pete Jones could read and 
write only a very little. He could scarcely write his 
own name. 

Many people used to think just as Pete Jones 
thought. So I am going to tell you about one of the 
men that made these people change their minds. You 
will be glad to remember this man’s name. His first 
name is Edward, and his last name is Eggleston. Mr. 
Eggleston got everybody to laughing at Mr. Jones and 
his foolish notion. He put him in a book called “ The 
Hoosier Schoolmaster.” Of course there were many 
other people in this book, some of them just as strange 
as Mr. Jones. There were also some people in this 
book whom you would like. Everybody thought well 
of Ralph Hartsook, the teacher, but nobody liked 
Pete Jones. 

The more people thought about what Edward 
Eggleston had said in his book, the more they disliked 
Mr. Jones and his notions, and the more they tried to 
have good schools. They built good schoolhouses and 
hired kind and skillful teachers. They furnished 
plenty of good books and maps and even bought swings 
38 


“NO LICKIN’, NO LARNIN’” 


39 



House Where Edward Eggleston Wrote “The Hoosier Schoolmaster” 


and merry-go-rounds for the children. Mr. Eggleston 
died many years ago, but if you ever visit the town of 
Vevay, be sure to see the house where your friend lived 
when he wrote “ The Hoosier Schoolmaster.” However, 
do not forget to read his book just as soon as you can. 
Yes, and do not forget to be really thankful that Indiana 
has no longer men like Pete Jones running the schools. 



GENERAL LAFAYETTE VISITS INDIANA 


How many of you know who General Lafayette was ? 
I will tell you. He was a Frenchman who helped 
General Washington in the Revolutionary War. Long 
after the war was over, Lafayette came again to visit 
America. The people thought a great deal of him and 
gave him a royal welcome wherever he went. 

Lafayette wanted to see the country west of the Alle- 
gheny Mountains. So he crossed over into the Ohio 
Valley and spent a little time in the Middle West. 

Whenever possible, Lafayette traveled by steamboat. 
There were no railroads then, for this was almost one 
hundred years ago. While on the Ohio River, the boat 
on which he was traveling met with an accident, near 
where Evansville is now located. Lafayette, with 
many other distinguished persons, was on the steam- 
boat, Mechanic, which was going up the river. It was 
in the month of May. The weather was warm and 
pleasant. The party of travelers had been enjoying 
the trip and at a late hour had retired for the night. 
The captain of the boat was on deck, peering into the 
darkness to see if there were any dangers ahead. 
Suddenly the boat struck a snag, and immediately 
began to settle. Many of the passengers were thrown 
out of their bunks by the violent shock. Some one 
cried, “The boat is sinking!” Immediately the pas- 

40 


GENERAL LAFAYETTE VISITS INDIANA 41 


sengers were panic-stricken. The night was very dark 
and it was very difficult to see where to go. 

Lafayette was a brave man, but this was a new ex- 
perience for him. At first he was a little confused. 
When he attempted to climb over the side of the steam- 
boat into a small boat, which was to take him to the 
shore, he fell overboard. The water was flowing very 
swiftly, and he was almost drowned before he could 
be rescued by the boatmen. In the excitement, all his 
effects, including eight thousand dollars in cash were 
lost in the river. 

Some days later, Lafayette stopped at Madison and 
there presented the people with a large picture of him- 
self. This picture can now be seen in the Lanier 
Museum of that city. 

Not long after his visit to Indiana, Lafayette re- 
turned to France, but he never forgot his experience 
on a steamboat on the Ohio River. 

Note. — On General Lafayette’s visit to the United States, 1824, 
as a public guest by invitation of Congress, that body voted him 
a grant of $200,000 and a township of land. 

One of the ninety-two counties in Indiana is named Lagrange in 
honor of General Lafayette’s family estate in France. 


A GOOD PLACE FOR A PICNIC 


In the southern part of Indiana near the Ohio River 
is a beautiful waterfall. It is on a small stream near 
Madison. For many years the water from this small 
stream has been cutting away rock until a deep gorge 
has been made. In some places the rock in the bed of 
the stream is very hard. In other places it is quite 
soft. Where the rock is soft it has been worn away and 
the hard rock still remains. When the water comes 
leaping down over these rocks, it forms the beautiful 
Clifty Falls. 

In winter the water freezes, covering the falls with an 
icy coat which sparkles in the sunlight. In summer the 
falls are shaded by many trees which cover the hillsides. 

Clifty Falls is a delightful place. During the summer 
months many people come here to spend a day in the 
cool shade of the trees and to see the falls. The place 
no doubt is more attractive in autumn, when the leaves 
are beginning to turn, than at any other season of the 
year. At this time Nature, with her many colors, pre- 
sents a scene that no artist has ever been able to paint. 

The state of Indiana has purchased four hundred 
acres of land around Clifty Falls and is making it into 
a beautiful park. No one is allowed to cut away the 
trees or to destroy the falls. 

There are hundreds of places in Indiana quite as 

42 


A GOOD PLACE FOR A PICNIC 


43 


beautiful as Clifty Falls. Perhaps you know about 
some of them. Why not surprise your teacher by writ- 
ing a story about the one you like best ? 

If you go by train to Madison to see Clifty Falls, 
you will ride over the first railroad built in Indiana. 
Just before the train reaches Madison, it stops on the 
top of a very high hill. Here, the regular engine is 
taken off, and an engine with very low drive-wheels 
is put on. This engine holds back the train while 
going down hill, and pushes it up again a few hours 
later. It is the only one of its kind in Indiana. It is 
on this hill that Clifty Falls is located. So, if it were 
not for this high hill, we would not have either Clifty 
Falls or this interesting railroad. 


TURKEY RUN 


There are many beautiful places in Indiana. One 
of them is Turkey Run, a heavily wooded piece of 
ground located along Sugar Creek in Parke County. 
The state has purchased a large tract of land surround- 
ing this place and has turned it into a beautiful park 
which thousands visit each year. 

Sugar Creek runs through the park. Small streams 
flowing into Sugar Creek have cut their way through 
the rock, leaving high walls of stone on either side. 
Some of the gorges are so deep, and the walls hang 
over so far, that the sunlight never reaches the bottom. 
Ferns grow in these places in abundance. Trees and 
underbrush burrow their roots into the cracks of the 
stone and seem to thrive with but little soil or nourish- 
ment. One of these valleys is called Rocky Hollow. 
It is well named, for one can scarcely follow its winding 
path because of the huge stones that have fallen into 
the channel. By following this stream from its mouth 
to its source, one will finally come out to the open 
country. 

Another of these deep gorges is called Turkey Run. 
It is from this one that the park derives its name. Here 
many years ago some hunters found a great drove of 
wild turkeys. One of the hunters, a boy, killed a very 
large one. When asked by the others where he killed 


44 


TURKEY RUN 


45 



The Bird That Gave Turkey Run Its Name 


it, he said, ‘‘Down at turkey run,’’ and from that time 
the place has been called by that name. 

An old log cabin has been built on the edge of the hill 
overlooking Sugar Creek. It is an old-fashioned log 
cabin which is used for a museum, where relics of 
pioneer days are kept. Near the entrance to the park 
is a modern hotel. So popular has Turkey Run be- 
come that the state is going to build another larger 
and finer hotel to accommodate the tourists. 



JOHNNY APPLESEED 


Once upon a time there lived in this country a very 
strange man. He had no fixed home such as most 
people have, but traveled about from one place to an- 
other. After he had visited all the homes in a neighbor- 
hood, he would disappear as completely as if he had been 
swallowed up by the earth. No one seemed to know 
just where he went, but after a long time he would 
suddenly return just as strangely as he had gone away. 
He liked to live among the pioneers, and it was not 
many years after he began to make his visits until 
all the settlers along the border knew him by sight. 
They called him Johnny Appleseed. He was given this 
name because he always carried with him wherever 
he went a leather bag filled with apple seeds. 

As he went about from place to place, Johnny planted 
these seeds in the forest, along the roads, and near the 
settlements. When his supply of seeds was all gone, 
he would go to some eastern orchard to get a supply, 
then he would return again to his work of planting the 
seeds in the new country. Of course thousands of 
these seeds grew, and in a few years apple trees could be 
found here and there, bearing fruit which was free to 
anyone that happened to pass that way. It was his 
custom to plant the seeds in the most favored places so 

46 


JOHNNY APPLESEED 47 

that settlers moving into the new country might have a 
few apple trees ready for use. 

Many times the pioneer in his search for a new home, 
on discovering an apple tree, would decide to build his 
cabin near by. 



Johnny Appleseed Sowing His Apple Seeds 

Johnny Appleseed was a welcome visitor in every 
home on the frontier where he was known. In fact 
the settlers would invite him to stay as long as he could 
and they would not charge him for lodging. At that 
time the settlers had no newspapers and the only way 
they learned the news of the outside world was through 
some traveler. In addition to his bag of apple seeds, 


48 


HISTORY STORIES 


Johnny carried letters and messages from one com- 
munity to another. He also was a good story-teller 
and the boys and girls looked forward to his visits with 
a great deal of interest. As the years went by his visits 
grew farther and farther apart. Finally, when it was 
rumored that he would never return again, all the 
people who knew him were very sorrowful. 

Johnny Appleseed tried to help every one. When 
he was scattering apple seeds he also was scattering 
sunshine and happiness. 


A LITTLE BOY AND A LONG JOURNEY 

We shall call the boy Lee. His real name was 
Lemonsky. Lee was born in a far country called 
Poland. When he was about twelve years old, a great 
war was being waged among many countries in Europe. 
One day when Lee was helping his father in the field 
they were surrounded by some soldiers, who demanded 
that the father give them all his horses and cattle. 
This he refused to do, whereupon the soldiers killed the 
father, took the horses, drove away the cattle, and made 
Lee prisoner. 

He with many others was taken to Paris and placed 
in prison. He immediately planned to escape, a very 
difficult and dangerous thing to try because the prison 
walls were strong and well guarded. Lee pretended 
to be contented with his prison life and made friends 
with the guards. One night his keeper fell asleep and 
Lee slipped the keys from the keeper’s belt. Then he 
unlocked the prison door, stepped outside, and fled into 
the darkness. He did not know where to go, but he was 
sure that he must go as far away from that prison as 
possible. After wandering around for several days, 
he came to the seashore, where there were boats ready 
to sail. He was afraid of being caught and sent back 
to prison, so he hid on one of the ships that was bound 
for America. 


49 


50 


HISTORY STORIES 


The ship had not gone very far when Lee came out 
of his hiding place. He was very pale and weak, for 
he had had little to eat since he had left the prison. He 
was taken to the captain, who was very angry and who 
threatened to place Lee in chains, but changed his mind 
when he saw how nearly starved the boy was. He was 
given something to eat, and after a few days of rest he 
regained his strength. 

Lee was very lonely, because he could not speak the 
same language as the other passengers. However, he 
was eager to learn, and before the ship landed he was 
able to understand many things that were said to him. 
He was so willing to help everybody that it was not long 
before he had made friends with everyone on the ship. 
There was one Frenchman and his wife, who were moving 
to America, that took a particular liking to him. They 
had lost their only boy in the war and they asked the 
captain if they might take him as their own child. The 
captain gave his consent, and when the boat reached 
America, Lee went with the French family to make his 
future home near Charleston, where the vessel had 
landed. 

At first this family did not prosper. Finally they 
moved farther west and settled close to the Ohio River 
near New Albany. Here they built their new home 
along with many others who came to live in the Middle 
West. 

Lee liked his new home very much. He went to 
school and soon learned to speak and read the English 


A LITTLE BOY AND A LONG JOURNEY 51 

language. Of all his subjects he liked history best and 
he never grew tired of reading about this new country. 
During the summer he helped with the farm work. 
When he grew to be a man, he moved to New Albany. 

Although Lee often thought about his old home, he 
never wanted to go back there to live. He loved this 
new country and here he lived for years, a very useful 
citizen. 

Note. — Pulaski County and Kosciusko County are named in 
honor of Polish heroes. 


A BRAVE INDIAN 


A few years before Indiana became a state many 
white settlers moved in. They brought their house- 
hold goods with them and were prepared to make this 
new country their home. They cut away the forests, 
built their cabins, and cultivated the fields. The 
Indians were very much alarmed when they saw that 
soon all their hunting grounds would be gone. Each 
year saw new settlers. At last the Indians could stand 
it no longer, so they decided to keep the white people 
from coming in. 

Tecumseh was the leader of the Indians. He was a 
brave warrior. He first went to General Harrison, 
who was Governor of Indiana Territory, and warned 
him that it would not be safe for the settlers to take 
any more of the land. General Harrison explained 
that the white settlers were not seeking war, but that 
they wanted to build their homes there and were willing 
to pay for the land. Tecumseh went away feeling very 
bitter toward the whites. He then planned to destroy 
the settlements. 

When General Harrison heard that the Indians were 
planning to attack the settlers, he set out with about 
nine hundred soldiers to break up an Indian camp at 
Prophetstown, where there were many Indians living. 
After marching many days he arrived at the camp. Te- 

52 


A BRAVE INDIAN 


53 


cumseh was not there, but his brother, the Prophet, 
sent word to General Harrison that the Indians were 
willing to make a treaty and to smoke the pipe of peace. 
General Harrison was not deceived by such fine words. 
He knew he must be ready for an attack at any time. 
He marched his men about a mile from the village to a 
high piece of ground, where he prepared to camp for 
the night. Although the Indians seemed very friendly, 
he told his men to sleep with their guns ready for in- 
stant use. 

The night was very dark. Every- 
thing was quiet until early the next 
morning. Suddenly the Indians, 
yelling like madmen, rushed into 
camp intending to kill the soldiers 
as they slept. At the first attack 
the soldiers were confused, ,but as 
soon as it was light enough for them 
to see, they charged the Indians 
with fixed bayonets. The Indians 
could not withstand the attack and 
fled. 

During the battle the Prophet 
stood on a high rock, chanting In- 
dian war songs and encouraging his 
warriors. He told them that they 
would be successful and that the 
white settlers would be driven out 

» . T-> 1 • • Soldiers’ Monument 

of the country. But his warriors at Tippecanoe 



54 


HISTORY STORIES 


were gradually driven back. When they saw they were 
defeated, they deserted their Prophet and fled, closely 
pursued by the soldiers. Only in a few cases did the 
Indians ever again dispute the rights of the settlers in 
Indiana. 

This was called the battle of Tippecanoe. It was 
fought on the 7th of November, 1811, near La- 
fayette. The battle ground is now inclosed by an 
iron fence. A fine monument is erected within these 
grounds in memory of the soldiers who fell here. 

It is a beautiful place and you would enjoy spending 
a few hours looking over the grounds. 


THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD 

A long time ago the people living in the southern 
states owned slaves. They worked in the cotton fields 
and lived in little cabins located on their masters’ land. 
These slaves were bought and sold in the slave market 
just like so many horses or cattle. Sometimes mothers 
were sold away from their children. Often husband 
and wife were separated and never saw each other again. 

Many people in the northern states thought slavery 
was wrong. Many of them let it be known that they 
would assist any runaway slave to gain his freedom. 
If a slave succeeded in getting north into Canada, he 
was free and could never be returned to his former 
master. 

Of course slaves could not travel all this distance 
alone without some help. So they had to depend upon 
certain people along the way for food and protection. 
This system of travel was called the '‘underground 
railroad.” The different communities were called the 
"stations.” Those who guided the slaves from one 
station to another were called "conductors.” 

The slaves usually traveled during the night. Dur- 
ing the day they were kept concealed in some barn or 
straw stack. These trips were very exciting, for the 
slaves never knew when they might be overtaken by 
their master. 


55 


HISTORY STORIES 


56 


As soon as it was discovered that a slave had es- 
caped, the master would set out on horseback to over- 
take and bring back the slave if possible. Sometimes 
the slaves were recaptured very easily before they had 
gone far, but many were successful in gaining their 
freedom. Many interesting stories have been told of 
the runaway slaves who traveled across Indiana on 
their way to Canada. 

The following incident happened in our state. It was 
told by the man who helped the runaway slaves to 
escape. 



Aiding Slaves to Escape 



THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD 


S7 


One dark night some slaves came to the door of a 
station master and asked for food and protection. He 
led them past the house and hid them in a thicket some 
distance beyond. His wife prepared a good meal for 
them and everything seemed to be going well. Soon 
the slave owner rode up in front of the house and in- 
quired of the station master if he had seen any slaves 
pass that way. This was a trying moment for him, 
because he did not want the slave master to know where 
the slaves were hidden. So he said, ‘‘Yes sir, I saw 
some slaves pass my house not more than a half hour 
ago.’’ The slave owner thanked the man for the in- 
formation and rode right past the place where the slaves 
were hidden. The station master knew that the slave 
owner, just as soon as he discovered that he was on 
the wrong road, would return and search his premises. 
The slaves were loaded into a wagon, covered with 
straw, and driven as rapidly as possible to the next 
station, twenty miles away. A different road was taken 
from the one followed by the slave owner. It was not 
long after the slaves had left the station that the slave 
owner returned thoroughly worn out and very angry. 
He searched the house and barn. When the slaves 
could not be found, he rode away and was never seen 
there again. 


THE UNWRITTEN STORY 


There is an unwritten story that all of you will want 
to know about. A few pages of this story have already 
been written. However, it has not been completed 
and will not be as long as you live. That is a strange 
story, isn’t it ^ Are you wondering what it is all about 
It is your part in the history of Indiana. 

If you were writing just a ‘‘make-believe” story, 
you could change it to suit your fancy. But writing 
a history story is quite different. 

You will be interested not only in your own unwritten 
story but also in the stories of your playmates. Each 
one will be different from all the rest. There will be 
stories of farmers, doctors, teachers, ministers, nurses, 
miners, and many others. I can imagine what a lot 
of pleasure the boys and girls who read this book are 
going to have in writing these unwritten stories. 

The stories of the early settlers were usually the 
stories of useful people. We are proud and thankful 
for these pioneers. They were good Hoosiers. They 
came here when there were no roads, no houses, nothing 
but the great forest, wild animals, and Indians. They 
moved here in covered wagons, and brought with them 
only a few household articles. They cleared the land, 
built their homes, and cultivated the fields. The land 
in many places was swampy, and ditches had to be 

S8 


THE UNWRITTEN STORY 


59 

dug. The roads were often nothing more than trails 
through a forest. 

Not all the people that came to Indiana in the early 
days could stand the hardships. Some were overtaken 
by disease, and some went back to their homes in the 
East. But many remained faithful to their task and 
gave to us this well-improved country where we live. 
Surely, to these pioneers we owe a great debt. How 
would you suggest that it be paid ? 






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